Induction of Systemic Resistance against Insect Herbivores in Plants by Beneficial Soil Microbes
نویسندگان
چکیده
Soil microorganisms with growth-promoting activities in plants, including rhizobacteria and rhizofungi, can improve plant health in a variety of different ways. These beneficial microbes may confer broad-spectrum resistance to insect herbivores. Here, we provide evidence that beneficial microbes modulate plant defenses against insect herbivores. Beneficial soil microorganisms can regulate hormone signaling including the jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid pathways, thereby leading to gene expression, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, plant defensive proteins and different enzymes and volatile compounds, that may induce defenses against leaf-chewing as well as phloem-feeding insects. In this review, we discuss how beneficial microbes trigger induced systemic resistance against insects by promoting plant growth and highlight changes in plant molecular mechanisms and biochemical profiles.
منابع مشابه
A cry for help from leaf to root: above ground insect feeding leads to the recruitment of rhizosphere microbes for plant self-protection against subsequent diverse attacks.
Plants have evolved general and specific defense mechanisms to protect themselves from diverse enemies, including herbivores and pathogens. To maintain fitness in the presence of enemies, plant defense mechanisms are aimed at inducing systemic resistance: in response to the attack of pathogens or herbivores, plants initiate extensive changes in gene expression to activate "systemic acquired res...
متن کاملTwo-way plant mediated interactions between root-associated microbes and insects: from ecology to mechanisms
Plants are members of complex communities and function as a link between above- and below-ground organisms. Associations between plants and soil-borne microbes commonly occur and have often been found beneficial for plant fitness. Root-associated microbes may trigger physiological changes in the host plant that influence interactions between plants and aboveground insects at several trophic lev...
متن کاملInduced plant responses to microbes and insects
Plants play a key role in the sustainability of life on earth. They fix the solar energy that drives nearly all living processes. As a result, plants are members of complex communities and interact both with antagonists and beneficial organisms. To defend themselves against harmful pathogens and insects, plants have evolved a sophisticated immune system to perceive alien organisms, and to trans...
متن کاملImpact of global climate change on beneficial plant-microbe association
Soil is considered as the hot-spot region of beneficial plant-microbe association. A wide range of soil microbial categories like nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ecto and endo-mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting bacteria and fungi are seemed to be associated with this beneficial plant-microbe association. The soil microbes confer increased plant growth and productivity against the root patho...
متن کاملHelping plants to deal with insects: the role of beneficial soil-borne microbes.
Several soil-borne microbes such as mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria can help plants to deal with biotic and abiotic stresses via plant growth promotion and induced resistance. Such beneficial belowground microbes interact in a bidirectional way via the plant with aboveground insects such as herbivores, their natural enemies and pollinators. The role of these interacti...
متن کامل